O ensaio, em jeito de crítica/crítica, procura olhar para a Universidade na sua dimensão político-organizacional. Através de uma reflexão interpretativa, apoiada na constatação empírica e na literatura - uma metodologia que sai dos cânones de uma metodologia científica de investigação - tenta “escavar” a Universidade e mostrar dois tipos de homo-politicus que nela existem: o “homo-violentus” (o homem - “violento”) e o “homo-sabius” (o homem - “sábio”). Estes dois tipos de homos (por certo, existem outros tipos) então “encarnados” nos decisores, (...) gestores, professores, investigadores, estudantes etc. Destes dois tipos de homos vamos ter formas de intervenção política, cultural, científico/investigativa, educativo/pedagógico e humana diferenciadas - nas expressões informação, conhecimento, sabedoria - e, com elas, consequentes implicações na missão da própria Universidade. Palavras–Chave: Universidade; Política; Investigação; Pedagogia. The University and the “homo sabius”. Criticism / Criticism Abstract: The essay, in the form of criticism/criticism, seeks to look at the University in its political-organizational dimension. Through an interpretative reflection, supported by empirical evidence and literature - a methodology that departs from the canons of a scientific research methodology - it tries to "dig" the University and show two types of homo-politicus that exist in it: the "homo-violentus ” (man - “violent”) and “homo-sabius” (man - “wise”). These two types of homos (of course, there are other types) then “incarnated” in decision-makers, managers, teachers, researchers, students, etc. From these two types of homos we will have differentiated forms of political, cultural, scientific/investigative, educational/pedagogical and human intervention - in terms of information, knowledge, wisdom - and, with them, consequent implications for the mission of the University itself. Key Words: University; Policy; Investigation; Pedagogy. La Universidad y el “homo sabius”. Crítica / Crítica Resumen: El ensayo, en forma de crítica/crítica, busca mirar a la Universidad en su dimensión político-organizativa. A través de una reflexión interpretativa, apoyada en la evidencia empírica y la literatura -metodología que se aparta de los cánones de una metodología de investigación científica- se intenta “cavar” en la Universidad y mostrar dos tipos de homo-políticos que existen en ella: el “homo-político”. violento” (hombre - “violento”) y “homo-sabius” (hombre - “sabio”). Estos dos tipos de homos (claro que hay otros tipos) luego se “encarnan” en decisores, directivos, docentes, investigadores, estudiantes, etc. De estos dos tipos de homos tendremos formas diferenciadas de intervención política, cultural, científico/investigadora, educativa/pedagógica y humana -en términos de información, conocimiento, sabiduría- y, con ellas, las consecuentes implicaciones para la propia misión de la Universidad.. Palabras Clave: Universidad; Política; Investigación; Pedagogía. Data de registro: 26/04/2022 Data de aceite: 26/10/2022. (shrink)

Resumo: O estudo objetivou analisar os efeitos de uma proposta de intervenção da área da Psicologia Escolar e Educacional, voltada para a inclusão social e educacional de estudantes com deficiência no contexto universitário. Participaram quatro estudantes (três com deficiência física e um com transtorno do espectro autista), matriculados numa universidade pública brasileira. A coleta de dados ocorreu em três etapas: 1) entrevistas abertas individuais e aplicação de instrumentos; 2) intervenção grupal; 3) entrevistas individuais e reaplicação dos instrumentos. Neste texto, serão (...) destacados os procedimentos qualitativos e suas respectivas análises, iluminando as atuações do profissional da Psicologia como mediador e facilitador, por meio de uma análise crítica dos encontros e análise pelo núcleo de significação dos relatos obtidos nas entrevistas. Pode-se dizer que o programa de intervenção de apoio psicológico se configurou como um local de escuta, acolhimento e voz de estudantes com deficiência na instituição. Conclui-se que a Psicologia Escolar e Educacional pode contribuir para favorecer o empoderamento de estudantes com deficiência, seu desenvolvimento pessoal, social e acadêmico, possibilitando uma participação mais ativa desses sujeitos no Ensino Superior. Palavras-chave: Ensino Superior; Educação Inclusiva. Pessoas com deficiência; Inclusão Social; Psicologia. Psychology and Inclusion: Intervention proposition of students with disability in Higher Education Abstract: This study’s goal was to analyze the effects of an intervention proposition in the area of School and Educational Psychology, aimed at the social and educational inclusion of students with disability in the University context. Four students have participated (three of them with physical disabilities and one with Autistic Spectrum Disorders), enrolled in a Brazilian public university. Data collection occurred in three stages: 1) individual and open interviews and application of instruments; 2) group intervention; 3) individual interviews and reapplication of instruments. In this text, the qualitative procedures are highlighted along with their analysis, elucidating practices from Psychology professionals as mediators and facilitators, by means of critical analysis of the encounters and by the analysis of meaning cores of the accounts obtained during the interviews. It can be said that the intervention program for psychological support became a safe place for sharing, understanding, and as a platform for disabled students to make their voices heard throughout the institution. It was concluded that School and Educational Psychology can contribute to promote the empowerment of disabled students, as well as their personal, social, and academic development, enabling a more active participation of these students in Higher Education. Keywords: Higher Education; Inclusive Education; People with disabilities; Social Inclusion; Psychology. Psicología e Inclusión: Una propuesta de intervención a estudiantes con discapacidad en Educación Superior Resumen: El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los efectos de una propuesta de intervención en el área de Psicología Escolar y Educativa, orientada a la inclusión social y educativa de estudiantes con discapacidad en el contexto universitario. Participaron cuatro estudiantes (tres con discapacidad física y uno con trastorno del espectro autista), matriculados en una universidad pública brasileña. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo en tres etapas: 1) entrevistas abiertas individuales y aplicación de instrumentos; 2) intervención grupal; 3) entrevistas individuales y reaplicación de los instrumentos. En este texto se destacarán los procedimientos cualitativos y sus respectivos análisis, destacando el trabajo del profesional de la psicología como mediador y facilitador, a través de un análisis crítico de los encuentros y análisis por el núcleo de significado de los relatos obtenidos en las entrevistas. Se puede decir que el programa de intervención de apoyo psicológico se configuró como un lugar para escuchar, acoger y hablar a los estudiantes con discapacidad de la institución. Se concluye que la Psicología Escolar y Educativa puede contribuir a favorecer el empoderamiento de los estudiantes con discapacidad, su desarrollo personal, social y académico, posibilitando una participación más activa de estas materias en la Educación Superior. Palabras clave: Educación superior; Educación inclusive; Personas con deficiencia; Inclusión social; Psicología. Data de registro: 30/04/2021 Data de aceite: 16/02/2022. (shrink)

A filosofia na Pedagogia do Oprimido Resumo: O artigo pretende realizar uma aproximação introdutória da filosofia presente na obra Pedagogia do Oprimido (1968) de Paulo Freire. Seguindo o fluxo original da obra em quatro seções, analisa-se como conceitos criados ou utilizados por Freire correspondem a ou dialogam com conceitos de algumas correntes filosóficas, sobretudo, a fenomenologia, o existencialismo, a dialética hegeliana e o pensamento marxiano e marxista em geral. Entre outros temas, também são abordados o cristianismo crítico de Freire, a (...) legitimidade da violência do oprimido, a aderência do oprimido ao opressor (passando rapidamente por alguns conceitos psicanalíticos), a catarse da metodologia. Destaca-se ainda a forte influência sobre Freire exercida pelo filósofo brasileiro Álvaro Vieira Pinto. Palavras-chave: pedagogia do oprimido; dialética; fenomenologia; marxismo. Philosophy in Pedagogy of the Opressed Abstract: The article intends to carry out an introductory approach to the philosophy present in the work Pedagogy of the Oppressed (1968) by Paulo Freire. Following its original flow in four sections, it is analyzed how concepts created or used by Freire correspond to or dialogue with concepts from several philosophical currents such as phenomenology, existentialism, Hegelian dialectics and Marxian and Marxist thought in general. Freire's critical Christianity, the legitimacy of the violence of the oppressed, the adherence of the oppressed to the oppressor (quickly passing through some psychoanalytic concepts) and the catharsis of methodology are also addressed topics. The strong influence of the Brazilian philosopher Álvaro Vieira Pinto on Freire is highlighted as well. Key-words: pedagogy of the oppressed; dialectics; phenomenology; marxism. La philosophie en Pédagogie des Opprimés Résumé: L'article vise à réalizer une approche introductive à la philosophie présente dans l'ouvrage Pédagogie des opprimés (1968) de Paulo Freire. Suivant sa flux original en quatre sections, il est analysé comment les concepts créés ou utilisés par Freire correspondent ou dialoguent avec des concepts de certains courants philosophiques, surtout la phénoménologie, l'existentialisme, la dialectique hégélienne et la pensée marxienne et marxiste en général. Le christianisme critique de Freire, la légitimité de la violence de l'opprimé, l'adhésion de l'opprimé à l'oppresseur (en passant rapidement par quelques concepts psychanalytiques) et la catharsis de la méthodologie sont themes également abordés. Il est remarqué aussi la forte influence du philosophe brésilien Álvaro Vieira Pinto sur Freire. Mots-clés: pédagogie des opprimés ; dialectique ; phénoménologie ; marxisme. Data de registro: 25/09/2021 Data de aceite: 01/12/2021. (shrink)

This is not your psychoanalyst's unconscious.

David Sloan Wilson has recently revived the idea of a group mind as an application of group selectionist thinking to cognition. Central to my discussion of this idea is the distinction between the claim that groups have a psychology and what I call the social manifestation thesis-a thesis about the psychology of individuals. Contemporary work on this topic has confused these two theses. My discussion also points to research questions and issues that Wilson's work raises, as well as (...) their connection to externalist conceptions of the mind familiar since the work of Putnam and Burge. (shrink)

1. The Situation in Cognition 2. Situated Cognition: A Potted Recent History 3. Extensions in Biology, Computation, and Cognition 4. Articulating the Idea of Cognitive Extension 5. Are Some Resources Intrinsically Non-Cognitive? 6. Is Cognition Extended or Only Embedded? 7. Letting Nature Take Its Course.

Note: this is the first published presentation and defense of the 'proper subset strategy' for making sense of non-reductive physicalism or the associated notion of realization; this is sometimes, inaccurately, called "Shoemaker's subset strategy"; if people could either call it the 'subset strategy' or better yet, add my name to the mix I would appreciate it. Horgan claims that physicalism requires "superdupervenience" -- supervenience plus robust ontological explanation of the supervenient in terms of the base properties. I argue that Horgan's (...) account fails to rule out physically unacceptable emergence. I rather suggest that this and other unacceptable possibilities may be ruled out by requiring that each individual causal power in the set associated with a given supervenient property be numerically identical with a causal power in the set associated with its base property. I go on to show that a wide variety of physicalist accounts, both reductive and non-reductive, are implicitly or explicitly designed to meet this condition, and so are more similar than they seem. In particular, non-reductive physicalism accounts typically appeal to a relation plausibly ensuring that the powers of a higher-level property are a proper subset of those of its physical base property. (shrink)

The physicalist thesis that all entities are nothing over and above physical entities is often interpreted as appealing to a supervenience-based account of "nothing over and aboveness”, where, schematically, the A-entities are nothing over and above the B-entities if the A-entities supervene on the B-entities. The main approaches to filling in this schema correspond to different ways of characterizing the modal strength, the supervenience base, or the supervenience connection at issue. I consider each approach in turn, and argue that the (...) resulting formulation of physicalism is compatible with physicalism’s best traditional rival: a naturalist emergentism. Others have argued that supervenience-based formulations of physicalism fail. My aim here, besides addressing the full spectrum of supervenience-based approaches, is to show how certain philosophical and scientific theses concerning naturalism, properties, and laws give us new reasons to think that supervenience-based formulations of physicalism are untenable. (shrink)

Essentialism is widely regarded as a mistaken view of biological kinds, such as species. After recounting why (sections 2-3), we provide a brief survey of the chief responses to the “death of essentialism” in the philosophy of biology (section 4). We then develop one of these responses, the claim that biological kinds are homeostatic property clusters (sections 5-6) illustrating this view with several novel examples (section 7). Although this view was first expressed 20 years ago, and has received recent discussion (...) and critique, it remains underdeveloped and is often misrepresented by its critics (section 8). (shrink)

The computational argument for individualism, which moves from computationalism to individualism about the mind, is problematic, not because computationalism is false, but because computational psychology is, at least sometimes, wide. The paper provides an early, or perhaps predecessor, version of the thesis of extended cognition.

While memory is conceptualized predominantly as an individual capacity in the cognitive and biological sciences, the social sciences have most commonly construed memory as a collective phenomenon. Collective memory has been put to diverse uses, ranging from accounts of nationalism in history and political science to views of ritualization and commemoration in anthropology and sociology. These appeals to collective memory share the idea that memory ‘‘goes beyond the individual’’ but often run together quite different claims in spelling out that idea. (...) This paper reviews a sampling of recent work on collective memory in the light of emerging externalist views within the cognitive sciences, and through some reflection on broader traditions of thought in the biological and social sciences that have appealed to the idea that groups have minds. The paper concludes with some thoughts about the relationship between these kinds of cognitive metaphors in the social sciences and our notion of agency. (shrink)

This paper examines the standard view of realization operative incontemporary philosophy of mind, and proposes an alternative, generalperspective on realization. The standard view can be expressed, insummary form, as the conjunction of two theses, the sufficiency thesis andthe constitutivity thesis. Physicalists of both reductionist and anti-reductionist persuasions share a conception of realization wherebyrealizations are determinative of the properties they realize and physically constitutive of the individuals with those properties. Centralto the alternative view that I explore here is the idea that (...) the requisite,metaphysically robust notion of realization is ineliminably context-sensitive. I shall argue that the sufficiency and constitutivity theses aretypically not jointly satisfied by any one candidate realizer, and that goingcontext-sensitive in one's metaphysics is preferable to the standard view.The context-sensitive views developed here are implicit in a range ofcommon views in both the philosophy of mind and the philosophy of biology,even if they have not been explicitly articulated, and even though theyundermine other views that are commonly endorsed. (shrink)

This paper attempts to do two things. First, it recounts the problem of intentionality, as it has typically been conceptualized, and argues that it needs to be reconceptualized in light of the radical form of externalism most commonly referred to as the extended mind thesis. Second, it provides an explicit, novel argument for that thesis, what I call the argument from meaning making, and offers some defense of that argument. This second task occupies the core of the paper, and in (...) completing it I distinguish _active _ _cognition_ from _cyborg fantasy arguments_ for externalism, and develop the analogy between the extended mind thesis in the cognitive sciences and developmental systems theory in developmental biology. The rethinking of the problem of intentionality on offer leads not so much to a solution as to a dissolution of that problem, as traditionally conceived. (shrink)

This paper argues that the metarepresentational systems we posses are wide or extended, rather than individualistic. There are two basic ideas. The first is that metarepresentation inherits its width from the mental representation of its objects. The second is that mental processing often operates on internal and external symbols, and this suggests that cognitive systems extend beyond the heads that house them.

We introduce two notions–the shadows and the shallows of explanation–in opening up explanation to broader, interdisciplinary investigation. The shadows of explanation refer to past philosophical efforts to provide either a conceptual analysis of explanation or in some other way to pinpoint the essence of explanation. The shallows of explanation refer to the phenomenon of having surprisingly limited everyday, individual cognitive abilities when it comes to explanation. Explanations are ubiquitous, but they typically are not accompanied by the depth that we might, (...) prima facie, expect. We explain the existence of the shadows and shallows of explanation in terms of there being a theoretical abyss between explanation and richer, theoretical structures that are often attributed to people. We offer an account of the shallows, in particular, both in terms of shorn-down, internal, mental machinery, and in terms of an enriched, public symbolic environment, relative to the currently dominant ways of thinking about cognition and the world. (shrink)

El siguiente artículo aborda la hegemonía que se ciñe sobre Colombia, mediante un punto de vista político que analiza el poder que ejerce la burguesía internacional y burguesía subordinada nacional sobre las clases subalternas y en particular la clase trabajadora colombiana. Se reflexiona sobre el l..

This paper is a critique of some ideas about narrow content owing to Horgan and Tienson and Brian Loar.

Individualists claim that wide explanations in psychology are problematic. I argue that wide psychological explanations sometimes have greater explanatory power than individualistic explanations. The aspects of explanatory power I focus on are causal depth and theoretical appropriateness. Reflection on the depth and appropriateness of other wide explanations of behavior, such as evolutionary explanations, clarifies why wide psychological explanations sometimes have more causal depth and theoretical appropriateness than narrow psychological explanations. I also argue for the rejection of eliminative materialism.

Current scientific research almost always requires collaboration among several (if not several hundred) specialized researchers. When scientists co-author a journal article, who deserves credit for discoveries or blame for errors? How should scientific institutions promote fruitful collaborations among scientists? In this book, leading philosophers of science address these critical questions.

This paper examines a recent, influential argument for individualism in psychology defended by Jerry Fodor and others, what I call the argument from causal powers. I argue that this argument equivocates on the crucial notion of "causal powers", and that this equivocation constitutes a deep problem for arguments of this type. Relational and individualistic taxonomies are incompatible, and it does not seem in general to be possible to factor the former into the latter. The distinction between powers and properties plays (...) a central role in my argument. (shrink)

The Architecture of the Mind is itself built on foundations that deserve probing. In this brief commentary I focus on these foundations—Carruthers’ conception of modularity, his arguments for thinking that the mind is massively modular in structure, and his view of human cognitive architecture.

To provide rigour when preparing a research design, the researcher needs to carefully consider not only the methodology but also the philosophical intent of the study. This, however, is often absent from reported research and provides the reader with little evidence by which to judge the merits of the chosen methodology and its influence on the study. The purpose of this paper is to set out the case for critical realism as a framework to guide appropriate action in practice development (...) and realistic evaluation for understanding the consequences of those actions.It is evident that critical realism and critical social science share common ground. Emancipatory practice development (ePD) is based on the philosophy of critical social science and therefore by virtue is linked to the tenets of critical realism. Until now, the evaluation of ePD programme has been well served by 4th-generation evaluation. However, this paper outlines the need for a different approach to evaluation, one that is based on critical realism, that is concerned with emancipation, and that can be used in the ever-changing environment of clinical practice. Realistic evaluation not only links strongly to ePD programmes, but also serves as the basis for effective research questions that will test the outcomes of the research and inform the transferability of ePD mechanisms into differing contexts. (shrink)

First performed in June 2011, Paulista used fixed and mobile streaming technology to create a translocal, musical and sonic performance linking SARC (Belfast/Northern Ireland), LAMI (São Paulo/Brazil) and Paulista Avenue, in the heart of São Paulo’s city centre. By discussing the performative and compositional strategies employed in this work, we aim at highlighting the central role played by the network in articulating notions of liveness and dramaturgy, as well as fostering new ideas and processes to engage dislocated spaces in shared (...) musical practice. (shrink)

The first Jewish interpretations, as well as the first Christian commentaries, on the Book of Daniel, are unanimous about an idea: that of the authority of the prophet Daniel. Porphyry from Tyre, being the first one to point out to the macabaic composition of the book and challenging the prestige of the figure of the prophet, questioned the foundations for which Christianity was justifying the legitimacy of its religious practices. By which ways has Porphyry prepared his arguments is the question (...) that separates Casey and Ferch in different ways. (shrink)

JUSTIÇA RESTAURATIVA: UMA ANÁLISE SOCIOLÓGICA DOS FINS QUE OS MEIOS PUNITIVOS NÃO ALCANÇAM.

La prevención en materia ambiental, como concepto y principio, es una opción eficaz para aplicar el principio ético de responsabilidad esbozado por Hans Jonas, que propugna por un tratamiento responsable del ambiente de cara a su preservación para las generaciones venideras. En este sentido, la prevención es también un mecanismo de gestión que le da a cada riesgo ambiental el tratamiento particular que se merece, dadas sus características, premura e incluso potencial impacto en lo social, económico y ambiental. Esta obra (...) es una apuesta por un debate multidisciplinar sobre algunos de los temas vigentes de la gestión del riesgo ambiental, desde la incertidumbre y el análisis económico, hasta la reparación del mismo como un mecanismo disuasivo en la óptica de la responsabilidad civil. (shrink)

This paper surveys some recent work on realization in the philosophy of mind and the philosophy of science.

A segunda metade do século XIX foi um período de agitação econômica na vila de São Sebastião de Maraú pois, para surpresa de todos, descobriram nas margens do rio que de nome à vila vários tipos de minérios cobiçados pela indústria. Um grupo de brasileiros se dedicou a tais explorações, mas tiveram tal direito arrancado em nome dos interesses governamentais, que pendiam para o atendimento às ambições britânicas e por isso Edward Pellew Wilson conseguiu por decreto imperial ser o (...) responsável pela extração de tais riquezas. Anos depois transferiu ao seu conterrâneo John Cameron Grant tal benefício e este, através da John Grant & Companhia, construíram na fazenda João Branco daquela vila uma fábrica que produzia ácido sulfúrico, velas, sabão etc. Lá trabalhou o sertanejo Bernardino Moreira de Souza, homem sobre o qual a maior fonte de informações vem do processo instaurado por ocasião de sua morte que aconteceu quando tentou matar seus empregadores britânicos. Palavras-chave: Britânicos; Fábrica; Maraú; Sertanejo. (shrink)

This exhilarating tale of natural history illuminates the evolution of matter, life, and consciousness. In Everybody’s Story, Loyal Rue finds the means for global solidarity and cooperation in the shared story of humanity.

En el presente artículo se presenta el panorama y algunos de los más importantes avances que en Colombia se han dado en materia ambiental desde la Constitución Política de 1991. La metodología llevada a cabo es descriptiva y analítica, en tanto se estudian no sólo las normas sino las sentencias más relevantes que se han constituido en un hito en la protección de los derechos ambientales. En tal sentido, lo que se pretende evidenciar es la existencia de un panorama de (...) constitucionalización de los derechos ambientales con signicativos avances tales como el rol preponderante que ha adquirido el principio de precaución o el reconocimiento de la función ecológica de la propiedad. (shrink)

Este ensaio teórico tem por objetivo analisar criticamente os confrontos entre uma filosofia do uso ou da apropriação, das coisas e da vida, através da leitura da História da sexualidade II: O uso dos prazeres de Michel Foucault. Surgem possibilidades ético-políticas da potência do uso para constituir projetos-de-vida a partir da teorização do uso, que abarca a reflexão acerca do momento oportuno de uso, do comedimento ao uso e da sua relação com a liberdade e a verdade. Por necessidade, momento (...) ou status inserido em regras formais de uso, a autogestão da vida, por vezes, gera uma luta consigo mesmo para resolução de problemas e alcançar objetivos. Portanto, o planejamento da vida é concedente de liberdade e emancipação. (shrink)

El presente artículo da cuenta de las actitudes hacia los inmigrantes entre los estudiantes de educación secundaria de edades comprendidas entre 12 y 13 años en Extremadura, España. Los datos proceden de una investigación financiada por el Gobierno Regional de Extremadura y en ellos se muestran ¿mediante análisis de contenido y utilización de citas textuales¿ los componentes estructurales que alimentan las actitudes positivas y/o negativas hacia la inmigración y los inmigrantes por parte de los adolescentes extremeños, en la medida en (...) que son plenamente representativos en cuanto a actitudes y valores del conjunto nacional. El análisis nos permite establecer un modelo actitudinal frente a la inmigración que deberá ser probado en futuras investigaciones. (shrink)

Partindo de uma relevante premissa de Paulo Freire, a de que “a compreensão crítica do ato de ler […] não se esgota na decodificação pura da palavra escrita ou da linguagem escrita, mas que se antecipa e se alonga na inteligência do mundo. A leitura do mundo precede a leitura da palavra, daí que a posterior leitura desta não possa prescindir da continuidade da leitura daquele”, o vertente artigo procura analisar os primeiros anos do processo de construção social de um (...) indivíduo-leitor, a saber, Vitor Silva Tavares, timoneiro, a partir de 1974, da histórica casa editora & etc. Com uma infância vivida num meio nada culto ou diletante, e tendo abandonado precocemente os estudos liceais, Vitor Silva Tavares acabou por tornar-se, contra toda a probabilidade, numa figura marcante do campo da edição literária em Portugal na segunda metade do século XX. Ganhando ele espessura de caso, trata-se aqui de reflectir, a partir de elementos obtidos através do recurso à história de vida do referido editor, como sob a colagem de diversos efeitos, socializações e acasos se foi produzindo um perfil singular de indivíduo, perfil esse onde a atividade da leitura ocupou um papel determinante, gerando predisposições mentais, desafios, condicionando a própria vida que Vitor Silva Tavares quis levar, dedicada à prescrição editorial, à mediação da leitura, transferindo para outros impressões que foram primeiramente suas. (shrink)

À crescente valorização do estatuto da informação, pelo menos desde o final do século XIX, articularam-se diferentes momentos de seu exame, uso e entendimentos. Pode-se dizer que a trajetória das interrogações e respostas sobre a informação co-responderam, no sentido de que responderam juntamente e em cada tempo, aos modos de sociabilidade, de produção e distribuição de bens e conhecimentos, às inovações tecnológicas e ao pensamento filosófico. A afirmação de Nietzsche (1994, p. 100, tradução livre nossa) de que "[...] só se (...) pode definir o que não tem história", parece indicar, como no caso da informação, uma historicidade própria dos conceitos, que condensam, apresentam e ocultam disputas de construção de realidade por significações. (shrink)

Os estudos das ciências têm apontado transformações no regime de produção de conhecimento em diferentes modelos (modo2, tríplice hélice, ator-rede, pós-acadêmico etc.), enfatizando suas características interdisciplinares, multiatores e multilocais. Buscando explicar a realidade, modelos criam imagens interpretativas que nela interferem por funcionarem como parâmetros para o agir. As diferenças e prognósticos implícitos que apresentam indicam não só cargas locais, culturais ou ideológicas na sua construção mas, especialmente, que diferentes forças em ação ainda não encontraram estabilização, de modo que estaríamos ainda (...) num momento de transição. (shrink)

Recent discussions of genomics and international justice have adopted the concept of ‘global public goods’ to support both the view of genomics as a benefit and the sharing of genomics knowledge across nations. Such discussion relies on a particular interpretation of the global public goods argument, facilitated by the ambiguity of the concept itself. Our aim in this article is to demonstrate this by a close examination of the concept of global public goods with particular reference to its use in (...) the context of genomic databases. We contend that the argument for construing genomics as a global public good depends on seeing it as a natural good by focusing on features intrinsic to genomics knowledge. We shall argue that social and political arrangements are relevant and that recognising this opens the door to construing the use of global public goods language as a strategic one. (shrink)

This paper points to some problems for the position that D.M. Walsh calls "alternative individualism," and argues that in defending this view Walsh has omitted an important part of what separates individualists and externalists in psychology. Walsh's example of Hox gene complexes is discussed in detail to show why some sort of externalism about scientific taxonomy more generally is a more plausible view than any extant version of individualism.

Approaches to self‐management traditionally focus upon individual capacity to make behavioural change. In this paper, we use Bourdieu's concepts of habitus and capital to demonstrate the impact of structural inequalities upon chronic illness self‐management through exploring findings from 28 semi‐structured interviews conducted with people from a lower socioeconomic region of Adelaide, South Australia who have type 2 diabetes. The data suggests that access to capital is a significant barrier to type 2 diabetes self‐management. While many participants described having sufficient cultural (...) capital to access and assess health information, they often lacked economic capital and social capital in the form of support networks who promote health. Participants were often involved in social networks in which activities which are contrary to self‐management have symbolic value. As a consequence, they entered relationships with health professionals at a disadvantage. We conclude that structural barriers to self‐management arising from habitus resulting in the performance of health behaviours rooted in cultural and class background and limited access to capital in the form of economic resources, social networks, health knowledge and prestige may have a negative impact on capacity for type 2 diabetes self‐management. (shrink)